Panic disorder is a condition where a person has repeated, unexpected panic attacks and then starts worrying a lot about having another one. Panic attacks can feel very intense, with symptoms like a racing heart, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, trembling, nausea, or a fear of dying or losing control.

Common symptoms

A panic attack often peaks quickly and may include pounding heart, sweating, chills, shaking, choking feeling, chest pain, numbness or tingling, dizziness, and a sense of unreality. People with panic disorder may also begin avoiding places or situations where attacks happened before.

Causes and risks

The exact cause is not fully known, but panic disorder may involve a mix of genetics, stressful life events, temperament, brain chemistry, and learned fear responses to bodily sensations. Having a family history of panic disorder or other anxiety conditions can increase risk.

Treatment options

Cognitive behavioral therapy, especially CBT, is a well-supported first-line treatment for panic disorder. Some people also benefit from medication, such as antidepressants, and treatment is often most effective when therapy and medication are combined when needed.

When to seek help

It is important to get evaluated if panic attacks are happening repeatedly, causing fear of future attacks, or leading to avoidance of normal activities. A clinician can also help rule out medical problems that can mimic panic symptoms, such as heart or lung conditions.

Urgent warning signs

Seek urgent medical care if chest pain, trouble breathing, fainting, or other symptoms could be from a serious medical problem rather than panic. Get immediate help if panic symptoms come with thoughts of self-harm or not being able to stay safe.